![]() ![]() Late Victorian ideals of manhood as war-ready are evident in the literature of the time. Physical rigour was needed for men to be fit enough to fight and defend the British Empire. The hyper-masculinity of the late Victorian period was not at odds with other dominant cultural forces in the era. ![]() In addition, manliness combined with religion in the phenomenon of muscular Christianity, commonly found in the writings of authors such as Charles Kingsley and Thomas Hughes. Between 18, games-playing was made compulsory in English public schools, where boys could demonstrate their physicality, and thus manliness, from an early age. The first was the games-worshipping of the late nineteenth century. Physical strength in the Victorian era, however, took several forms. In the twenty-first century, this often takes the form of unrealistic expectations of the male body, as exemplified in the ever popular superhero film, which reflects a wider expectation of emotional strength. Strength and athleticism were vital aspects of Victorian masculinity, as today. ![]()
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